Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has officially opened the former Byzantine Church of St. Saviour in Chora as a mosque, despite criticism from neighboring Greece and other countries. The church, known as Kariye in Turkish, has been converted back into a mosque after serving as a museum for decades.
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has formally opened a former Byzantine church in Istanbul as a mosque on Monday, four years after his government had designated it a Muslim house of prayer, despite criticism from neighboring Greece.
Turkey formally converted The Church of St. Saviour in Chora, known as Kariye in Turkish, into a mosque in 2020, soon after it similarly turned Istanbul’s landmark Hagia Sophia into a Muslim house of prayer. Both conversions drew praise from Muslim faithful but criticism from Greece and other countries who had urged Turkey to protect the important Byzantine-era monuments. Both are listed as U.N. World Heritage Sites.
Like Hagia Sophia, which was a church for centuries and then a mosque for centuries more, the Chora had operated as a museum for decades before it was ordered turned into a mosque. The Chora’s formal launch as a mosque, however, was delayed as the structure then underwent restoration.
Erdogan on Monday remotely presided over a ceremony marking the opening of the Chora — as well as other recently-restored structures — from a conference hall at his palace complex in Ankara.
Musa Tombul was among the first worshippers to pray inside.
“I have been waiting for its opening for four years,” he told the state-run Anadolu Agency. “I was honored to pray in such a place.”
“We thank God for showing us these days,” Anadolu quoted another worshiper, Haydar Senbahar, as saying. “Hopefully, we will come here from time to time and perform our prayers.”
The church, situated near Istanbul’s ancient city walls, is famed for its elaborate mosaics and frescoes. It dates to the fourth century, although the edifice took on its current form in the 11th-12th centuries.
The structure served as a mosque during Ottoman rule before being transformed into a museum in 1945.
Greece had criticized the Turkish government’s decision to turn it back into a mosque, accusing Ankara of “insulting the character” of another World Heritage Site.
The decisions to transform Hagia Sophia and the Chora back into mosques were seen as moves geared to consolidate the conservative and religious support base of Erdogan’s ruling party amid an economic downturn.
In 2020, Erdogan joined hundreds of worshipers for the first Muslim prayers in Hagia Sophia in 86 years, brushing aside international criticism and calls for the monument to be kept as a museum. As many as 350,000 took part in the prayers outside the structure.
Erdogan’s move to convert the historic churches into mosques has been widely condemned by international leaders and religious figures. UNESCO, the United Nations agency responsible for protecting cultural heritage, has expressed concern about the conversion of the churches, saying it could damage their universal value and authenticity.
The Turkish government has defended its decision, saying that the churches were originally built as mosques and that it is simply restoring them to their original purpose. However, critics argue that the conversions are a political move by Erdogan to appeal to his conservative base and to assert Turkey’s Islamic identity.
The conversion of the churches has also raised concerns about the future of other Byzantine monuments in Turkey. There are fears that Erdogan may target other churches or monasteries, further eroding Turkey’s cultural heritage.
