As the Russia-Ukraine war enters its third Easter, Switzerland's previously celebrated neutrality is undergoing a reassessment. Economic ties with Western Europe and the increased recognition of Russia's aggression have prompted a shift in foreign policy, raising questions about the future of neutrality in a changing geopolitical landscape.
Switzerland, long renowned for its neutrality, finds itself at a crossroads amidst the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war. The upcoming Ukraine peace summit, scheduled for June 15-16, has highlighted the increasing alignment of Swiss economic and security interests with Western Europe, leading to a re-examination of the country's traditional neutrality.
Historically, Swiss neutrality has served as a cornerstone of its national identity, dating back to the aftermath of Napoleon's defeat in 1815. Enshrined in the 1907 Hague Convention, it played a crucial role in uniting the multilingual confederation during the World Wars.
However, the Russia-Ukraine conflict has cast a new light on neutrality, particularly in light of Russia's blatant violation of international law. Switzerland's condemnation of Russia's aggression has raised questions about the practicality of maintaining absolute neutrality in the face of such blatant disregard for international norms.
The upcoming peace summit is a testament to Switzerland's evolving stance. While Russia has not been invited, the gathering of over 160 delegations, including those from Russia's allies in the Global South, aims to mitigate risks and isolate Russia.
Western support for the summit is solidifying, with leaders from Germany, Spain, Poland, and Finland confirming their attendance. This support underscores the growing consensus within Europe that neutrality cannot overshadow the imperative to uphold international law and support Ukraine in its defense against aggression.
Swiss neutrality has been a matter of debate in recent years, with some arguing that it is an anachronism used as a pretext for protecting economic and financial interests. Others maintain that neutrality remains an essential element of Switzerland's prosperity and security.
A study published in March by the Center for Security Studies at the ETH Zurich revealed that while 91% of Swiss support the country's neutrality, 26% also advocate for taking a clear stand in favor of one side in foreign military conflicts.
The debate over neutrality is likely to continue, with the Ukraine war serving as a catalyst for reassessment. As the conflict unfolds, Switzerland will face increasing pressure to reconcile its traditional neutrality with its economic, security, and moral obligations in a rapidly shifting geopolitical landscape.
